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The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor ''"Quasi una fantasia"'', Op. 27, No. 2, popularly known as the ''Moonlight Sonata'', is a piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil, Countess Giulietta Guicciardi.〔This dedication was not Beethoven's original intention, and he did not have Guicciardi in mind when writing the ''Moonlight'' Sonata. Thayer, in his ''Life of Beethoven'', states that the work Beethoven originally intended to dedicate to Guicciardi was the Rondo in G, Op. 51 No. 2, but circumstances required that this be dedicated to Countess Lichnowsky. So he cast around at the last moment for a piece to dedicate to Guicciardi. See 〕 This piece is one of Beethoven's most popular compositions for the piano, and it was a popular favorite even in his own day.〔 Beethoven wrote the ''Moonlight Sonata'' in his early thirties, and did so after he had finished with some commissioned work; there is no evidence that he was commissioned to write this sonata.〔 ==Names== The first edition of the score is headed ''Sonata quasi una fantasia'', a title this work shares with its companion piece, Op. 27, No. 1.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ludwig van Beethoven, Sonate für Klavier (cis-Moll) op. 27, 2 (Sonata quasi una fantasia), Cappi, 879 )〕 Grove Music Online translates the Italian title as "sonata in the manner of a fantasy".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Quasi )〕 Translated more literally, this is "sonata almost a fantasy". The name "Moonlight Sonata" comes from remarks made by the German music critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab. In 1832, five years after Beethoven's death, Rellstab likened the effect of the first movement to that of moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne. Within ten years, the name "Moonlight Sonata" ("''Mondscheinsonate''" in German) was being used in German〔See. e.g., (''Allgemeiner musikalischer Anzeiger'' ). Vol. 9, No. 11, Tobias Haslinger, Vienna, 1837, p. 41.〕 and English〔See, e.g., Ignace Moscheles, ed. (''The Life of Beethoven''. ) Henry Colburn pub., vol. II, 1841, p. 109.〕 publications. Later in the nineteenth century, the sonata was universally known by that name.〔(''Aunt Judy's Christmas Volume'' ). H.K.F. Gatty, ed., George Bell & Sons, London, 1879, p. 60.〕 Many critics have objected to the subjective, romantic nature of the title "Moonlight", which has at times been called "a misleading approach to a movement with almost the character of a funeral march"〔Kennedy, Michael. ("Moonlight Sonata" ), from ''Oxford Dictionary of Music'' 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006 rev., p. 589.〕 and "absurd".〔("Moonlight Sonata" ), from ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. J.A. Fuller Maitland, ed., Macmillan and Co., London, 1907, p. 256.〕 Other critics have approved of the sobriquet, finding it evocative〔Dubal, David. (''The Art of the Piano'' ). Amadeus Press, 2004, p. 411.〕 or in line with their own interpretation of the work.〔See, e.g., Wilkinson, Charles W. (''Well-known Piano Solos: How to Play Them'' ). Theo. Presser Co., Philadelphia, 1915, p. 31.〕 ''Gramophone'' founder Compton Mackenzie found the title "harmless", remarking that "it is silly for austere critics to work themselves up into a state of almost hysterical rage with poor Rellstab", and adding, "what these austere critics fail to grasp is that unless the general public had responded to the suggestion of moonlight in this music Rellstab's remark would long ago have been forgotten."〔Mackenzie, Compton. ("The Beethoven Piano Sonatas" ), from ''The Gramophone'', Aug. 1940, p. 5.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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